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Areas within the sedge meadows can experience slightly different climatic conditions, which produce a different type of vegetation, termed the mesic tundra. The mesic (not too wet and not too dry) tundra is the rock garden of this climatic zone. Grasses are common but the most conspicuous feature of the mesic or grassy tundra is the wild flowers. Nothing on earth compares seeing over 100 species in flower simultaneously along a short walk.
Snowbeds are a particular type of mesic tundra where the spring, which shortens the growing season for the plants under and around it, but also provides a steady source of moisture throughout the growing season. The snow also provides a comparatively warm, moist, protected environment for over wintering plants. Many snowbed species burst into flower within hours of being freed from the drifted snow. Some of out early flowering spring bulbs are derived from snowbed species with this habit. Examples include Siberian fritillary (Fritillaria pallidiflora) and Siberian squill (Scilla siberica).
Plants of mesic tundra areas are not circumpolar in their distribution patterns. They often appear to have originated in alpine areas and to have migrated into the Arctic secondarily and locally. Therefore, while some tundra plants may be indistinguishable by locality, the mesic tundra plants will vary with the region.
As the latitude or elevation continues to increase, the last vegetation zone found is the polar desert. This area is largely bare ground or rock, with the last vestiges of plant life being mostly lichens. The polar desert dominates most of the high Arctic areas.
Zone 1 flora consists of distinctive and highly adaptive species. Plants must eke out an existence in a few meager inches of earth, their roots confined by unwieldy bedrock or permafrost that is never far from the surface. Plants are mostly small, prostrate, and always straddling the tenuous line between wakefulness and dormancy. It is not uncommon to find woody plant material that is hundreds of years old yet no thicker than a persons thumb. While hardy species in more temperate latitudes easily succumb to freak frosts, the flora of Zone 1 can be completely frozen one minute and thawed the next. This physiological ability of Arctic plants to be able to freeze with impunity is still a mystery to scientists.